Galactic M-Sigma Relation and the Anomalous Stellar Velocity Dispersion

Galactic M-Sigma Relation and the Anomalous Stellar Velocity Dispersion

Inverse gravitational decline versus inverse square decline


Analyzing the implications of a black hole singularity with near infinitely tight curvature close to the center and what this means to the mathematical form of the gravitational field, one concludes that a postulated singularity requires that black hole gravity declines as 1/r, not as 1/r^2. This effective “infinitely” deep gravitational “point-mass” geometrically implies a hyperbolic gravitational field profile. So, the concept has some bizarre twists.

But, general relativity does not permit a 1/r gravitational field in 3-D + t spacetime. However it does allow a hyperbolic field in 2-D + t spacetime. By GR, gravitational force must decline as 1/r^(n-1), where n = spacial dimensionality. If n = 2, gravity declines as 1/r. So, it is also posited (postulated) that there exists a 2-D, sub-event horizon, hyper-spinning, centripetally induced, infinitely broad disk singularity in all central galactic SBHs. Having mass probably concentrated nearer to the singularity center but being of spacetime in nature, the entirety of the disk singularity is immune to the event horizon of the black hole. It can therefore extend outward to far beyond the galactic rim even to nearby galaxies within a cluster or supercluster.

This 2-D gravitational field is also quantum renormalizable. It is well known that items in a 3-D space can be projected perfectly onto a 2-D surface – the holographic principle. Might this be a simple route toward validatable, falsifiable quantum gravity?

This postulated set of logical statements is immune to criticism. If otherwise logical, it cannot be argued against. It must be experimentally tested. Observation is the only choice to conclusively validate or falsify such an argument. See the definition of “postulate” given below.

Postulate

Definition of a Postulate

• A Postulate is assumed to be a true statement, which does not require to be proved.

More about a Postulate

• Postulates are used to derive other logical statements to solve a
 problem. If a problem is thereby solved, especially if proven by
 other data, the postulate must also be true.

• Postulates are also likened to axioms.

In other words, postulates are to be accepted at face value “for the sake argument” for whatever they may be worth as if they were indisputable axioms. THEN, if a whole argument containing such postulates actually works, there may be much joy. If not, it is back to the drawing board.

Newton’s law of gravity and Kepler’s laws are all easily adjusted to accommodate the hyperbolic 1/r G-field in two dimensions plus time. Kepler’s 3rd law in 2-D is derived from 2-D Newton analogously to the 3-D derivation. It is NOT the same result as if orbiting 3-D objects were limited to an Euclidean plane.

The G-field diagram is hyperbolic when its equal gravitational force contour lines are drawn with spacing in such a way that a 1/r relation is followed to the origin where spacing approaches zero. If the contour lines are then plotted having a z axis, Flamm’s hyperboloid is the result. This is a spacetime diagram, not a gravitational potential diagram.

No inner galactic bulge stellar orbits need be fitted to raw Kepler. Kepler does not define these orbits. Kepler’s laws are used merely to analyze them. The orbits are what they are. Kepler’s 2nd law applies no matter what the form of the central force. The “adjusted” Kepler’s 3rd law follows exactly from Newton’s law of gravity with reduced dimensionality according to GR. It is "adjusted" Kepler that should be used to compute central galactic supermassive black hole mass. See the Gary Kent post on WordPress.com.

There is nothing more to prove. What there is still to be done is to compare with observation.

Mathematically, the constant velocity distribution observed in spiral galaxies is explicitly derived. This means that the M Sigma relation is explained because peripheral stellar v = (GM/r*)^½. Also, Milgrom’s MOND constant, "a[o]", is derived, where a[o] = GM/r*r[∞] = v^2/r*r[∞]. This implies that the universe must have a finite or maximum r because a[o] is an observed finite non-zero quantity. And, M, the black hole mass, may include the masses of many tens of thousands or more of very large stellar mass black holes that are thought to be embedded in every galaxy. The unit vector of r, r*, is used to maintain dimensional integrity.

No modification of Newton’s law is required. But, Newton must be regarded in the context of a 2-D hyperbolically curved spacetime. So, gravity for black holes declines as 1/r and is not an inverse square relation.

All the other effects that have been observed that have been traced to Dark Matter are also explained in this way. These include the anomalous velocity dispersion in spiral galaxies and in clusters, the weak gravitational lensing, the Sunyaev-Zel’dovich, the Sachs-Wolfe and the Bullet Cluster effects.

The hyperbolic G-field parsimoniously explains these phenomena without appeal to any unfalsifiable hypotheses of exotic dark matter. Weakly interacting massive particles and other alien perpetrators of Dark Matter effects have been researched avidly for a very long time. They must be regarded now as unfalsifiable hypotheses because it has become clear that there is no way to prove or disprove their existence or it would have been done by now.

The hyperbolic SBH singular ultra-spin disk G-field might have mass, perhaps like Alan Guth’s inflaton field in the false vacuum. Its mass, but not its hyperbolic gravitational spacetime configuration, could be confined to below the event horizon. The horizon itself could be greatly distorted - including any surrounding plasma or photon sphere. So, a photon passing through the expansive hyper-spin singular spacetime disk would experience therein an enhanced gravitational field, just as if it had passed through a Dark Matter “halo”.

The open cell foam, network or spiderweb structure of the large scale universe is also explained by the extensiveness of the hyperbolic field and its form as a 2-D saddle shape “hyperboloid of one sheet” embedded in 3-D space. Galaxies and galactic clusters will be expected to align so that the hyperbolic surfaces of their 2-D fields tend to coincide. So, even the initial structure of the nascent universe would be influenced by supermassive BHs therein which could have formed very quickly at that time.

They might have been there from t = 0 + an instant, for all we know. After all, if the inflaton particle was like an unstable subatomic particle, it may have decayed into smaller particles including many SBHs. Some have said that the inflaton particle must have decayed all at once. Under these extreme initial conditions, what experimentally validated physical law or fundamental principle is quoted thereby? So, it decays all at once. To what?

In short, the hyperbolic 1/r SBH galactic G-Field explains all the phenomena that have ever been traced to Dark Matter. The hyperbolic G-field IS Dark Matter. Its potential energy profile is generally higher than the profile of an equivalent inverse square G-field. Since m = E/c^2, it accounts for the unseen and unseeable missing mass of Dark Matter. The HBHG field is mathematically derived rigorously and satisfies the mathematical requirements of all observations.

I have written a paper on gravitational decline with distance, but I need a reviewer to help check my mathematics. kentgen1@aol.com